The Laws of the Game are not defined by offense and defense.
There are 17 rules in soccer. They can be found in the FIFA Laws of the Game. www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/lotg_en_55753.pdf
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To play defense, you must try to keep the ball away from the goalie. You are also responsible for doing throw-ins. You are not allowed to cross the middle line of the field, or else you are off side. there are also two types of defense people. There is the sweepers', and the stoppers'. The sweepers are to protect the goalie from the ball if the stoppers fail to. The stoppers are supposed to kick the ball to the other side of the Field if they can. If they don't, the sweeper must get it.
Based on US Soccer
Principles of Attack
Penetration - dribbling, shooting, and passing.
Support - providing all around support for the player with the ball.
Mobility - an attempt to create gaps in the defense by a variety of different runs.
Width - spread the defense to create space.
Improvisation - make the attack unpredictable through creativity.
Principles of Defense
Pressure - win the ball back as quickly as possible.
Delay - gain time to organize the defense through appropriate pressure on the ball (pressure may be "dropping").
Support-Cover - provided to pressuring defender.
Balance - positioning away from the ball to cover vital areas.
Compactness - keeping spaces between defenders as small as possible.
Control and Restraint - individual defending under control.
Counterattack - win the ball and go to goal, if you can!
Well, that is very simple. The offensive players attack the ball more and get more of a chance to score while the defensive players stay back and defend the goal and very rarely get a chance to shoot.
Do no jump and turn when someone goes to take a shot.. beacause for all you know, they could be faking it. Hope this helped :)