A map-maker is called a cartographer. They are responsible for creating accurate and detailed maps that can represent geographical features and information.
Those markings are called diacritics. They are symbols added to letters to indicate specific sounds or pronunciation in phonetic transcription.
It depends which markings you're talking about. The markings that denote the hours are called hoors. The markings that denote the minutes are called bawherrs. The markings that denote the seconds are, in linguistic terms, relatively new due to problems with chronological accuracy, and do not have a standardised name.
A drawing or marking that represents a feature on a map is called a symbol. These markings make up the map key.
There are no pool table markings except the foot spot dot. It is called the rack spot by some people.
a bit of plastic
The markings.
markings
a key or a legend maybe? the small symbols could be called icons.
The distinct group of human and physical features in a specific location is called its "landscape." This includes elements such as terrain, vegetation, climate, buildings, infrastructure, and cultural landmarks that make a place unique.
Called a straight edge
That is called symbolism, where a specific object, person, or event is used to represent a deeper meaning or idea.