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On the offensive team, there are linemen and backs. The interior linemen are the centre, two guards, and two tackles. The interior linemen are not eligible pass receivers.
The center snaps the ball, and on either side of the center is a guard. The tackles line up outside of the guards.
There are also two ends, who are linemen and eligible pass receivers. They line up outside of the tackles, and often far outside of the tackles.
All seven linemen must be on the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped.
In the backfield, there is usually a quarterback and at least one running back. Sometimes there is a second running back or a blocking back. There is usually a backfielder who lines up far outside the rest of the players, and often two of them, usually referred to as wide receivers. Backfielders must be at least one yard behind the line of scrimmage at the snap of the ball. Only one backfielder can be moving before the snap, and he can not be moving forward. All backs are eligible pass receivers.
The defense has much more freedom in positioning and is allowed unlimited movement prior to the snap, provided that they are not offside. Usually there are two defensive tackles and two defensive ends on the line. Behind them are usually three or four linebackers, and behind the linebackers are the defensive backs.
There are usually two outside linebackers and one or two inside linebackers. One of the defensive backs is usually called the safety. There is sometimes a strong-side safety and a weak-side safety.
These are general terms. The actual positions and names can vary from team to team, and also, depending on the circumstances, within a game.
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