An object sliding down a frictionless incline: as the object loses potential energy due to a decrease in height, its kinetic energy increases, demonstrating the conservation of mechanical energy. A pendulum swinging back and forth: as the pendulum moves from its highest point to its lowest point and back again, the total mechanical energy (potential + kinetic) remains constant, showing the law of conservation of mechanical energy.
The conservation law of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted. This law applies to all forms of energy, including mechanical energy. The conservation law of mechanical energy specifically refers to the total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) of a system, which is constant as long as only conservative forces are acting on the system.
Conservation of mechanical energy is valid in situations where only conservative forces are acting on the system, such as gravitational or spring forces. Non-conservative forces, like friction or air resistance, can cause mechanical energy to be lost from the system, making conservation of energy invalid. Additionally, the system must be isolated from external influences for conservation of mechanical energy to hold true.
Mechanical energy is always conserved in a closed system. It can exist as potential energy (stored energy) and kinetic energy (energy of motion). This conservation principle is known as the law of conservation of mechanical energy.
The law of conservation of mechanical energy states that in a closed system, the total mechanical energy (sum of kinetic and potential energy) remains constant as long as no external forces are acting on it. This means that the energy within the system may change form between kinetic and potential energy, but the total amount remains constant.
Conservation of mechanical energy states that the sum of kinetic and potential energy remains constant in a system with only conservative forces at work. On the other hand, conservation of total energy includes all forms of energy including mechanical, thermal, chemical, etc. and states that the total energy of a system remains constant in the absence of external forces like friction or air resistance.
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Light is not mechanical energy but it can be transformed into mechanical energy. Light creates an impact as it hits a surface.
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Mechanical Energy
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In a frictionless pendulum, the total mechanical energy (the sum of potential and kinetic energy) remains constant. This means that as the pendulum swings back and forth, the energy is continuously exchanged between potential and kinetic energy, but the total amount of energy remains the same.