There were 16 teams in MLB in 1903, 8 in the American League and 8 in the National League.
American League
1) Boston Americans (now Boston Red Sox)
2) Philadelphia Athletics (now Oakland Athletics)
3) Cleveland Naps (now Cleveland Indians)
4) New York Highlanders (now New York Yankees)
5) Detroit Tigers
6) St. Louis Browns (now Baltimore Orioles)
7) Chicago White Sox
8) Washington Senators (now Minnesota Twins)
National League
1) Pittsburgh Pirates
2) New York Giants (now San Francisco Giants)
3) Chicago Cubs
4) Cincinnati Reds
5) Brooklyn Superbas (now Los Angeles Dodgers)
6) Boston Beaneaters (now Atlanta Braves)
8) St. Louis Cardinals
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When were there 30 MLB teams?
That was 1998 when the Tampa Bay Rays and Arizona Diamondbacks joined MLB.