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Tanks are filled using an air compressor capable of producing over 3000psi coupled with a filtration system that purifies the air to a level acceptable by the Compressed Gas Association as breathable air for scuba. This is not a "do-it-yourself" project - Scuba Diving facilities are certified to fill tanks. Trying to do this yourself will result in deadly gas mixes and overfilling can rupture the tank or valve - in addition to harming (deadly results) anyone in the immediate area.
You would need about 2000-3000 PSI of air to fill up a tank, but this varies from tank to tank. Some tanks with a DIN valve can go up to 4000 and 5000 PSI.
It depends on the size of the cylinder. Cylinder sizes are based upon the quantity of gas that can be put in them. For example, one of the most common cylinders is an aluminum 80 cylinder - which means it holds 80 cubic feet of gas when pressurized to it's normal working pressure (as described above which is 3000 psi for this one). In reality it will hold a slightly different amount depending on the manufacturer.
Either dry fire it till its empty OR there is a little metal thing on the regulator were u screw it into the gun, if u push it in hard enough air will come out of it. It is coming out at high speed so it will startle you.
You should take a trimix course before you even thinkabout diving with helium as a gas.
If you still want to do it, take a gas blending course from a professional instructor. Otherwise, just ask a dive shop which does Helium fills. Cheaper and easier.
Tanks are usually filled from compressors, which simply pump in new gas until they reached the required pressure. Most dive shops have one or more compressors for this purpose.
Sometimes tanks are directly filled from other tanks (called 'banks'), but that is usually when you need to fill them at a location where you don't have a compressor.
Most recreational SCUBA divers dive using an on demand regulator system. As the diver inhales, the low pressure created in the second stage regulator (the thing nearest the mouth) acts on a diaphragm inside the regulator which provides the diver with air from the tank via the first stage tank valve and a low pressure air hose.
There are 2 answers to this... air or sometimes nitrox is compressed into scuba tanks using multi stage compressors. These use pistons to increase pressure incrementally and then remove the water and filter it in a 'filter stack'.
Oxygen is much more difficult to put into cylinders because it is highly reactive at high pressures. It is either decanted from high pressure oxygen cylinders or pumped from an oxygen cylinder to a higher pressure using a booster pump. You need to ensure that there are no fuels in cylinders like oil from previously being filled with air from a conventional compressor as this can cause a dangerous reaction when the oxygen is added.