College Football teams are assigned to their various divisions based on the size of the school. Most schools that are known by the general public are filed under Division I, and are the ones shown on television for the most part.
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Each conference selects it's own membership. Institutions are invited to join by the other, existing members of a conference. Each member will remain a member of an athletic conference for as long as the institution desires to remain a member.
Most college athletic conferences are all-sports or multi-sport conferences that extend beyond football.
There are 2 conferences the NFC and AFC. Each Conference has 16 teams.
The 16 teams are broken into 4 divisions. (in each conference)
Each team plays the 3 other teams in their conference 2 times. (6 games)
Each teams plays every team in a non conference division. (for example 1 year the AFC East teams play the NFC East teams, the next year they'll play the NFC West) This adds another 4 games.
You then do the same thing against a Conference division. (Jets play the entire AFC West this year- 2008) (4 games)
The final 2 games teams play against the other 2 divisions in their conference, the teams that were in the same place as them last year. (The Jets were 3rd in the AFC East last year, so they play the Titans who were 3rd in the AFC South last year, and the Bengals who were 3rd in the AFC North)
These calculations result in the 16 games that compose a teams NFL schedule.
I don't know how they figure out the home and away games, other than each team plays 8 home and 8 away, and each divisonal opponent teams play once at home and 1 away.
Each team plays its divisional games: 6 games
Then a three year rotating interconference division: 4 games
Then a four year rotating cross conference division: 4 games
Then head to head with intraconference teams who place the same in their divison: 2 games
Example below:
Dallas Cowboys finished first in the NFC East in 2007
2008 Schedule looked like this:
6 games with NFC East teams
4 games with NFC West teams
4 games with AFC North teams
2 games with the other 2007 first place teams from the NFC North & South
The college schedule is set up as games against their respected conference and the out of conference schedule is agreements between the different schools (normally home and away agreement 2 to 4 years). This another reason why there should be a playoff system. Teams like the Florida Gators, schedule all the out of conference games against Patsy's.
An NFL team let's say the 49ers play their division rivals 2 times a year so they have 6 division games 2 against the Seahawks, 2 against the Rams and 2 against the Cardinals. The other games are decided by the schedule makers and can be any game besides the division games.