The non-offensive team may call a timeout during any dead-ball situation. So for instance after the first free throw (of two) or first/second free throw (of three) is shot, the non-shooting team could call timeout -- at least in the NBA. Not positive of the rule at other levels. Dallas in the 2006 Finals against Miami famously (and erroneously) called their final timeout after the first of two Dwyane Wade free throws, meaning they couldn't advance the ball to halfcourt after he took his second, if you want an example.
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