This is based on the official Major League Baseball rules, available at http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/foreword.jsp
1) A batter is awarded first base for receiving 4 balls.
2) A number of infractions by the pitcher can result in a ball being awarded to the batter. If this is ball 4, the batter is awarded first base. Rules 8.01 and 8.02 list illegal actions by the pitcher, including bringing his hand to his mouth and defacing the ball.
3) A ball hit into play allows the runner to advance to first base on a hit.
4) A ball hit into play allows the runner to advance to first base on an error.
5) If the batter or his clothing or equipment is hit by a pitch, and he made an effort to avoid the pitch and did not swing at it, he is awarded first base.
6) Interference by the catcher can result in the batter being awarded first base. For example, squatting too close to the batters box and interfering with the batter's swing is catcher interference.
7) Interference by a spectator can result in the batter being awarded first base if the umpires believe that the batter would have reached first base without the interference.
8) On a dropped third strike, the batter-runner may advance to first base.
9) If a pitched ball lodges in the umpire’s or catcher’s mask or paraphernalia, and remains out of play, on the third strike or fourth ball, then the batter is entitled to first base and all runners advance one base. From rule 5.09.
10) A particular park may have ground rules that grant a batter a single if the ball is hit in a certain place.
11) In some situations a player may reach first base as a substitute for another play who was injured. Rule 5.10.
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