Women aren't allowed to read in the Gileadian society because it would give them too much freedom and ability to think.
Also, woman are viewed as objects, as a vessel for giving children and nothing else. The men are the breadwinners in this society and the women are the homemakers.
This can be related to the 1800s when the south in America did not want African Americans reading because they are objects and if given the ability to read, then they will become intelligent enough to revolt against the white people.
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