ABS medal tally: Australia finishes third
On 18 August, the Australian Bureau of Statistics released an alternative view of the traditional Olympic medal tally to take into account the populations of competing nations.
The ABS said the traditional measure of medals as a 'raw score' did not take into account the population of the competing country, a possible factor in the ability of nations to field medal winning athletes. When this was considered, it presented a different picture to the traditional measure.
The ABS analysis shows that Australia's tally at the close of the Athens Olympics equates to one Gold Medal for each 1,186,000 of the population.
This ranks Australia in third place behind Norway (one Gold Medal for each 910,000 of its population) and The Bahamas ( one Gold Medal for each 317,000 of its population).
http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/57a31759b55dc970ca2568a1002477b6/be9f47591541e29eca256ef40004f25a!OpenDocument
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It's probably one of the small countries like Seychelles with 80,699 people and 3 athletes (3.7e-5 athletes per capita) or a mid size country with a large team, like Canada or Denmark.
It's commonly thought that large teams like China or USA have the most athletes per capita, but these countries also have much large populations to draw from. The athlete density of China is 659 athletes / 1,321,851,888 people = 4.98e-7 and the USA is 596 athletes / 301,139,947 = 1.98e-6.
It varies from country to country. China has the largest Olympic team (639 athletes) while the small country of Togo will have just 1.
Australia if you have a filter of only countries with 10million+ population. Australia has 410 athletes with a population of 22.7million.