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Free DivingFree diving is the sport of diving without external breathing apparatus. While free divers often use artificial ballasts, cables and sleds, to propel them to record-setting depths, they make their dives on a single breath of air.

Tanya Streeter, born in Grand Cayman on 10 January 1973, set the women's free diving record in 1998 with a dive to 113 meters (370 feet). In 2002 she set the overall unlimited free diving record with a dive to 160 meters (525 feet) near the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Ms. Streeter's overall unlimited record was broken in 2004 by Frenchman Loïc Leferme who made a dive to 171 meters (561 feet). Mssr. Leferme died while training to surpass that record on 11 April 2007 at the age of 36. Ms. Streeter continues to hold the women's free diving record.

On 14 June 2007 Leferme's record was broken by Austrian Herbert Nitsch with a dive to 214 meters (702 feet) in Spetses, Greece.

SCUBAAccording to Guinness, the deepest dive ever made from the surface by a diver on open circuit SCUBA was made by 52-year-old South African engineer Nuno Gomes. Gomes made the dive to 318.25 meters (1044 feet) in the Red Sea on 15 June 2005, beating the 313 meter (1027 feet) record set by Mark Ellyatt in Thailand in 2003. He was in the water for more than twelve hours. Gomes currently holds the official Guinness record for this dive.

Shortly after Gomes made his world-record dive, Frenchman Pascal Bernabe reached 330 meters (1083 feet) on open circuit SCUBA near Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea. Made on 5 July 2003, this record-setting dive has not been certified by Guinness but has been independently verified. Guinness no longer certifies deep diving records due to concerns for health and safety.

South African Verna Van Schalk holds the women's record for deepest open circuit SCUBA dive with a dive to 221 meters (725 feet) in fresh water cave Boesmansgat (Bushman's Cave) in South Africa in October 2004.

Australian commercial pilot Dave Shaw holds the record for the deepest dive from the surface on closed circuit SCUBA (rebreather) for a dive he made to 270 meters (886 feet) at Boesmansgat on 24 October 2004. This is also the deepest recorded cave dive. Shaw died on 8 January 2005 at Boesmansgat while attempting to recover the body of Deon Dreye who had died assisting Numo Gomes a decade earlier. Shaw had discovered Dreye's body on his record-setting dive in 2004.

Saturation DivesAll of the dives mentioned above were made by divers descending directly from and returning to the surface. Humans have made much deeper dives from diving bells, submerged habitats and from dry deck shelters on military submarines. Commercial divers working at saturation pressures have made dives at nearly 2000 feet of sea water. It is believed that military divers have worked even deeper. Atmospheric Diving SuitsAtmospheric Diving Suits are articulated hard diving "suits" which allow a diver to descend to great depths while maintaining surface atmospheric pressure. More akin to submarines than traditional wet or dry suits, Atmospheric Diving Suits are designed to withstand the tremendous pressures found in very deep water. The most famous ADS is the JIM Suit, seen in the James Bond film For Your Eyes Only and the sci-fi film Deepstar Six. Oceanographer Syliva Earle set a human depth record of 381 meters (1250 feet) using a JIM Suit in 1979.

Newer generation ADS designs such as the Hardsuit 2000 and WASP 3 are designed to operate as deep as 2500 feet. Current ADS designs typically operate tethered to support vessels. Vancouver-based Dr. Phil Nuytten's Exosuit ADS is "swim-able" allowing the diver to operate independently. The current Exosuit is rated to 304 meters (1000 feet) and has an estimated crush depth in excess of 608 meters (2000 feet).

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