Karl Marx was the first philosopher to develop the idea thoroughly, even though communism, as a concept, had existed since ancient times. Marx called one of his four epochs of history Asiatic. This was the earliest epoch and had examples of simple communism in the form of small tribes in which no one owned individual plots of land, everyone worked for the common good of the tribe and everyone partook of the produce of the tribe equally or as needed.
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Karl Marx codified communism, that is he came up with a series of rules on how communism should be practiced (called Marxism). He made it more harsh and more specific but did not invent it.
The first people to be called Communists in a primary source were the "True Levellers" or "Diggers" of 1649. Nobles called them communists as a put down because they lived in communes instead of towns or on nobles' lands.
Some of the things Marx specified about Communism that were not all agreed upon by Communists were as follows
-Religion must be opposed
-The state, not the workers directly, is the only one that can do communism
-Communism must be focused around industrial workers
-Communism is an inevitable result of existing class oppression (this is called "Dialectical Materialism").
Karl Marx. Communism was initially supposed to be the perfect political belief where everyone was equal, but then it was twisted and now its bad.