Answer 1
Gererally, a nautical rope is called a 'line' unless it has a specific function. The word "rope" is not typically used in the marine industry.
A 'halyard' is a line used as a hoist (as for a sail).
A 'sheet' is a line used to trim a sail.
'Tackle' is a collection of lines and blocks ("pulleys") used to gain mechanical advantage.
'Rode' is the line connecting an anchor to the boat. Usually it's part chain and part line.
Springs and breast lines are used to tie a boat to a dock.
A snubber is a short piece of nylon line used to provide some elasticity to a loaded line.
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Answer 2
A rope used at sea that will not degrade chemically under the action of water and Sun.
In commercial use for mooring and towing, polypropylene is the type of rope use most commonly because it is cheap and it has some elasticity.
For ropes that must not be elastic, like the shrouds supporting a mast, kevlar is a good alternative to steel.
Hawser
SHEEPSHANK
Line is a nautical term for a rope. But a rope can be a line attached on only one end in normal use. The bell rope, the bucket rope, the tiller rope, the bolt rope, check rope, foot rope, monkey rope, and the dip rope.
There are a number of things a person may mean when they call you a rope. They may mean that you are strong or that you are common.
The term 'belay' means to make something secure. It can be used in nautical terms winding rope around a pin or when a mountaineer is securing their rope around a rock.
Probably a nautical term used when hauling a rope, originally quoted as 'hand over hand'
No. The word knot is a noun, meaning a twist in a rope. The unit of speed 'knot' means "nautical mile per hour."
"Close aboard" is a Nautical term that refers to the position of another ship or a boat that is close enough to hurl a rope to.
The rope (or "line" as we call it in the nautical world) is called the anchor line. However the the chain, shackle,gear & line that are attached between the actual anchor and the vessel is referred to as the "rode".
A knot is either a way of attaching a rope to something else, or a measurement of speed used for boats and aircraft. One knot is one nautical mile/hour. One nautical mile is 1.852 km. So 1 knot = 1.85 kmh One nautical mile is 1.15 land miles. So 1 knot = 1.15 mph
First recorded in the 13/14th cebtury as meaning 'worthless stuff' and spelt 'junke'. Origins not certain but had some nautical connections with old cable and rope
Junk, meaning 'worthless stuff' is a nautical term for old cable or rope. The origin is uncertain but appears in the early 1300's with French and Latin connections