Sport, as an activity requiring skill, can be attributed to the Chinese as early as 2000 BC and the Ancient Egyptians 'several thousand years ago'. Ancient Greece developed a wide range of sports that created the Olympic Games. European sports developed in the 14th/15th Century meaning a 'game involving physical excercise. .
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It's best to think of words coming, not from countries, but from languages. The borders of countries morph much more quickly than languages do. Languages take hundreds and hundreds of years to evolve and we all know how fast the lines of the map can twist around (it could give you whiplash, which is a compound word where "whip" is derived from middle German, "wippe" and lash is from indecisive origins.) "Athletic" is the the adjectival form of the noun, "Athlete". "Athlete" comes originally from Greek, but Greek came from what is known as the Proto-Greek (or Proto-Hellenic) languages, which in turn came from, etc. etc. The word, in Greek, is, "Athlitis". But of course it would be spelled with the Greek alphabet.