During the light-dependent reactions, ATP is produced by the Photosystem II electron transport chain. According to the chemiosmosis theory, as the electrons are transported down the electron transport chain, some of the energy released is used to pump protons across the thylakoid membrane from the stroma of the chloroplast to the thylakoid interior space. this produces a proton concentration gradient or proton motive force. Since protons (hydrogen ions) are positively charged, this will lead to the accumulation of a positive charge in the interior of the membranes. As the accumulating protons in the thylakoid interior space pass back across the thylakoid membrane to the stroma through ATP synthetase complexes, this proton motive force is used to generate ATP from ADP and Pi For an excellent account see: http://student.ccbcmd.edu/biotutorials/photosyn/ldr.html
The inside of the thylakoid membrane becomes positively charged during light-dependent reactions because the movement of electrons along the electron transport chain creates a proton gradient across the membrane. This proton gradient is used to generate ATP through the process of chemiosmosis.
It becomes positive because ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane.
H posotive biulds up in the space as water is split
b. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane.
H+ ions are released as water splits
h+ ions are released as water splits
On the thylakoid membrane :)
Light reactions occur in the cells chloroplast
The photosystems in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. Photosystem I and Photosystem II are embedded in the thylakoid membrane and are responsible for capturing and converting light energy into chemical energy.
In the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts.
The plural of thylakoid is thylakoids. Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments in chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.
The membrane that forms a compartment inside the stroma is the thylakoid membrane. This membrane contains chlorophyll and is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. The thylakoid membrane is organized into stacks called grana, which helps increase surface area for photosynthetic reactions.
On the thylakoid membrane :)
Light reactions occur in the cells chloroplast
The light reactions occur in the thylakoid space, which can also be called the granum.
The photosystems in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. Photosystem I and Photosystem II are embedded in the thylakoid membrane and are responsible for capturing and converting light energy into chemical energy.
In the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts.
The plural of thylakoid is thylakoids. Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments in chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.
The Calvin cycle happens in the stroma of the chloroplast.
In the inner thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts.
Light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. This membrane contains pigments such as chlorophyll that absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
mitochondria
Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.