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A mutation that alters the base but not the amino acid is called a "silent mutation." This type of mutation occurs when a change in the DNA sequence does not affect the protein's primary structure due to the redundancy in the genetic code, where multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. Consequently, the resulting protein remains unchanged despite the alteration in the nucleotide sequence.
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When a nitrogenous base is inserted or delete how does that affect the amino acid sequence?
The amino acid sequence is shifted, and this kind of mutation is called a frame shift mutation. All of the amino acid sequence after the mutation will be changed, which will cause a change in shape of the protein, which will then probably result in a nonfunctional protein, since the shape of a protein determines its function.
What are the similarities of a nonsense mutation and a missense mutation?
Both nonsense and missense mutations are point mutations - meaning a single base has been substituted. The difference between the two is that a missense mutation results in an amino acid being replaced with a different amino acid, whereas a nonsense mutation results in a premature stop codon.
What kind of mutation results from substitution from one nitrogen base to another?
A substitution mutation occurs when one nitrogen base in the DNA sequence is replaced by another. This can lead to three possible outcomes: it may result in a silent mutation (no change in the amino acid), a missense mutation (a different amino acid is produced), or a nonsense mutation (a premature stop codon is introduced). The specific effect depends on the location and nature of the substitution within the genetic code.
Why can a mutation affect the function of protein?
Because a protein's function is dependent on is shape, and a mutation may change the composition (the sequence of amino acids) of a protein, which may in turn cause the shape of the molecule to change.
Is cytosine an amino acid?
No. Alanine is an amino acid and cytosine is a nitrogenous base.
What mutation can change every amino acid that follows the point of mutation?
A frameshift mutation, where an insertion or deletion of nucleotides causes a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code, can change every amino acid that follows the point of mutation. This can have dramatic effects on the resulting protein's structure and function.
What is a synonymous polymorphism?
A synonymous polymorphism is where a mutation alters the base in the DNA sequence but doesn't alter the amino acid encoded (due to the redundancy of the genetic code). Typically, for it to be classified as a polymorphism (as opposed to a mutation) it must occur in greater than 1% of the population.
What is a genetic mutation that does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein?
A synonymous mutation is a genetic mutation where a nucleotide change in the DNA sequence does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein. This type of mutation occurs in the third position of a codon, which can still code for the same amino acid due to redundancy in the genetic code.
How many amino acids are affected from point mutation?
A point mutation can affect the protein in a different ways. If the point change causes a silent mutation then it doesnt affect at all. When the point nucleotide change make a different amino acid, then it may alters the function of protein. If it make to forma a stop codon (TAA, TAG, TGA) then the protein synthesis stops at the point where it is changed.
What type of mutation causes protein to be synthesized with one incorrect amino acid?
Missense
What One example of a mutation that would not affect an organisms phenotype?
A silent mutation is an example of a mutation that would not affect an organism's phenotype. This type of mutation occurs in a non-coding region of DNA, such as an intron, and does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein produced. Therefore, it has no impact on the organism's outward appearance or characteristics.
When a nitrogenous base is inserted or delete how does that affect the amino acid sequence?
The amino acid sequence is shifted, and this kind of mutation is called a frame shift mutation. All of the amino acid sequence after the mutation will be changed, which will cause a change in shape of the protein, which will then probably result in a nonfunctional protein, since the shape of a protein determines its function.
What are the similarities of a nonsense mutation and a missense mutation?
Both nonsense and missense mutations are point mutations - meaning a single base has been substituted. The difference between the two is that a missense mutation results in an amino acid being replaced with a different amino acid, whereas a nonsense mutation results in a premature stop codon.
Which mutation occurs when one nucleotide base in replaced with another base?
A point mutation occurs when one nucleotide base is replaced with another base. This can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence during protein synthesis, potentially affecting the protein's function.
When is a single base substitution mutation least likely to be deleterious?
A single base substitution mutation is least likely to be deleterious when it occurs in a non-coding region of DNA, such as in an intron or in a region with no functional significance. Additionally, if the mutation results in a silent or synonymous change in the amino acid sequence, it may not have a noticeable effect on the protein's function.
Why can a mutation affect the function of protein?
Because a protein's function is dependent on is shape, and a mutation may change the composition (the sequence of amino acids) of a protein, which may in turn cause the shape of the molecule to change.
Is cytosine an amino acid?
No. Alanine is an amino acid and cytosine is a nitrogenous base.
