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Fluid flow in pipes is affected by many different factors:
The viscosity, density, and velocity of the fluid.
Changes in the fluid temperature will change the viscosity & density of the fluid.
The length, inner diameter, and in the case of turbulent flow, the internal roughness of the pipe.
The position of the supply and discharge containers relative to the pump position.
The addition of rises & falls within the pipe layout.
The number & types of bends in the pipe layout.
The number & types of valves, & other fittings, in the pipe layout.
Entrance & exit conditions of the pipe work.
Source(s): http://www.pipeflow.co.uk/public/control.php?_path=/497/503/586
Factors affecting flow rate include the size and shape of the opening through which the substance is flowing, the viscosity of the substance, the pressure difference driving the flow, and any obstructions or restrictions in the flow path. Additionally, temperature and the properties of the substance itself can also impact flow rate.
Gravity, slope, the type of fluid, pressure (atmosphere and other), temperature, the composition tube/bottom, the width of tube length and its depth.
As water gets colder it gets thicker and the flow rate out of a membrane is lower. As water gets warmer it gets thinner and the flow rate coming out of the membrane increases.
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