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LaoThylakoid membranes bring together the components necessary to carry out the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, including pigments like chlorophyll, electron transport chain proteins, and ATP synthase. These components are involved in capturing light energy, converting it to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, and producing oxygen as a byproduct.
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How are thylakoids stroma and grana arranged inside of chloroplast?
Thylakoids are stacked into grana, which are interconnected by stroma thylakoids. The stroma is the fluid-filled region surrounding the thylakoids and contains enzymes necessary for photosynthesis. These components work together to facilitate the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle in chloroplasts.
What is a thylakoid?
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. Thylakoids contain chlorophyll and other pigments that capture light energy used to produce ATP and NADPH, which are essential for the Calvin cycle. Multiple thylakoids stack together to form grana, increasing the surface area available for light absorption.
How do prokaryotes get their ATP without mitochondria?
the stroma, consisting of set of flat disc like sacs called thylakoid. The thylakoid membrane encloses a fluid filled lumen or space, which is separated by thylakoid membrane with stroma. The chlorophyll is embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Chlorophyll absorbs light and converts it into chemical energy of ATP and NADPH; the products which synthesize carbohydrate in the stroma of chloroplast. But photosynthetic prokaryotes lack chloroplast all together in their cells. So, for carbohydrate synthesizing, they do have unstacked photosynthetic membranes, which work like thylakoid.
Where are enzymes associated with light dependent reactions of photosynthesis located?
Enzymes associated with the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. Key enzymes involved include ATP synthase, cytochrome b6f, and the enzyme complexes involved in the photosystems (PSII and PSI). These enzymes work together to capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
What happens in the thylakoid membranes?
Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergrana or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.
