The distance between i.e. a C and the C below that, is called an octave..
But the distance between a C and the D above is an interval.
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It is an eighth, or an octave.
A step is the distance between two notes. A half step is the shortest (tonal) distance between two notes (such as between B and C), and a whole step is therefore a distance of two half steps between two notes (such as between C and D, since C#/Db is between them).
In music theory, an interval is the difference between two pitches. An interval may be described as horizontal, linear, or melodic if it refers to successively sounding tones, such as two adjacent pitches in a melody, and vertical or harmonic if it pertains to simultaneously sounding tones, such as in a chord.
A. whole note
A. Half Step.