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There were two revolutions in Russia in 1917. No particular group led the February Revolution. It started as a spontaneous unorganized demonstration and then general strike against the Tsarist government. Tsar Nicholas II realized he could not restore order because the military would not obey him so he abdicated the throne.

The Bolshevik Party under Vladimir Lenin led the second revolution. This was called the October Revolution or the Bolshevik Revolution.

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