Lenin led the Bolshevik Party which was installed into power following the October Revolution. Before the Revolution he became one of Europe's most respected Marxist theoriticians and wrote many important works. After the Revolution political prisoners were freed and soon the Constituent Assembly was convened after the Mensheviks continuously put it off. Within several months the "Whites" (Tsarists) started executing revolutionaries and instigating pogroms against Jews, they were supported by the Mensheviks and Right Social Revolutionaries, (during this time the Mensheviks and Right SRs were declared to be illegal parties) Civil War ensued and over a dozen other countries invaded Russia hoping to overthrow Lenin's government. The Bolsheviks responded with the Red Terror and Leon Trotsky built the Red Army. After the Bolsheviks won the war, they proceeded to try to build Russia economically, the New Economic Policy was a part of this. Over time the state became more bureaucratic due primarily to Russia's backwardness and isolation. Lenin fought with Trotsky against this trend and against Stalin in his rise to power but died in January 1924.
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