Willingness to work with the current government.
Julius Martov believed that the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party party should consist of as many members as possible in the way that Karl Marx envisioned all workers uniting to overthrow capitalism.
Vladimir Lenin believed that the party should consist of a small group of professional revolutionaries to lead the way. He felt it was madness for what amounted to an outlawed political party to be open to membership by all , because it would easily be infiltrated by the Tsarist secret police and that it would be too unwieldy to do what needed to be done when it ws needed to overthrow the Tsar.
When this disagreement could not be resolved, Lenin created the Bolshevik faction of the
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The Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks were factions within the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party. While Martov and the Mensheviks called for a party of inclusion, Lenin and the Bolsheviks wanted a party occupied only by professional revolutionaries. Bolsheviks wanted Socialism by revolution while the Mensheviks sought government by democratic goals.
Mensheviks were not in favor of withdrawing from World War I. The Bolsheviks were. Also, the mensheviks were a majority.