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The New Economic Policy (NEP), introduced by Lenin in 1921, temporarily reintroduced limited capitalist practices to revitalize the Soviet economy after the devastation of the Civil War. It allowed small private enterprises and encouraged agricultural production by permitting farmers to sell their surplus on the open market. This compromise aimed to stabilize the economy, increase productivity, and garner public support for the communist regime, ultimately strengthening the foundation of socialism by fostering a more stable economic environment. By balancing state control with elements of capitalism, the NEP sought to create the conditions necessary for the eventual transition to a fully communist society.

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