They are running a race, so they need to be fast. It is a relatively short distance, so runners run very fast in it, so a runner needs to build a high level of speed in order to win. It is the fastest race and shows who can run at the greatest speed.
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Go look on YouTube or something where you can see what gymnasts have to do because I don't know if I can do it compete justice in writing. However, in gymnastics there is a lot of flipping in the air and that requires power to get off the ground. Take the floor exercise for example, yes, it is a spring floor, but the high level gymnasts are doing double back flips, and, in some rare cases, triple back flips while in the air. That requires an insane amount of power no matter who you are. There is simply a lot of lifting ones body into the air, and power is the way to get that done. Again, I would just watch YouTube videos or catch a competition on TV to see what they have to do.
Because Sprinting is all about short bursts of speed and/ or energy. without that short birst it would just be jogging
A long distance runner needs power in order to overtake opponents during the race but they would also need it to keep a steady speed during the race and not slow down half way through.