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The length of a marathon was not fixed in 1908. When London was awarded the games, the race was advertised as about 25 miles or 40 kilometres. When it was decided to start the race near Windsor Castle, and run past Eton and Harrow (famous public schools), it was obvious that it would be more like 26 miles. Mile markers from the start were cemented in place before the stadium was finished, so although the course of the race was known, its exact distance wasn't. In the end it turned out to be 26 miles 385 yards, or 42.195 metres. The next two Olympics used different distances, but the London one became standard during a meeting of the IAAF in 1921.
The history of the marathon distance dates back to the 1908 London Olympics. When the event organizers were laying out the Olympic course, they had first intended it to be 26 miles, starting at Windsor Castle, and finishing in the white City Stadium, in London.
However, it was decided that the finish line should be in front of the royal box. This determined the distance of 26.2 miles. This marathon distance was officially adopted by Olympic officials in 1924.
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How many miles are there in 26 miles 385 yards?
The marathon is 26 miles, 385 yards. The standard distance for the marathon race was determined by the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) in 1921 (Rule 240 of their Competition Rules), at a distance of 26 miles 385 yards, or 42.195 km. This seemingly arbitrary distance was that adopted for the marathon at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. Contrary to popular stories, the British Royal Family had no direct influence on the distance. At a meeting of the International Olympic Committee in The Hague in May 1907 it was agreed with the British Olympic Association that the 1908 Olympics would include a marathon of about 25 miles or 40 kilometres. In November 1907 a route of about that distance was published in the newspapers, starting at Windsor Castle and finishing at the Olympic Stadium, the Great White City Stadium in Shepherd's Bush in London. There were protests about the final few miles because of tram-lines and cobbles, so the route was revised to cross the rough ground of Wormwood Scrubs. This lengthened the route, as did plans to make the start 700 yards from Queen Victoria's statue by Windsor Castle, and it was decided to fix the distance at 26 miles to the stadium, plus a lap of the track (586 yards, 2 feet), using the Royal Entrance as the marathon tunnel, and finishing in front of the Royal Box. For the official Trial Marathon on 25 April 1908, organized by the Polytechnic Harriers, the start was on 'The Long Walk' - a magnificent avenue leading up to Windsor Castle in the grounds of Windsor Great Park. For the Olympic Marathon itself the start was on the private East Terrace of Windsor Castle, with the permission of King Edward VII, so that the public would not interfere with the start. The Princess of Wales and her children drove from their home at Frogmore on the far side of Windsor Great Park to watch the start of the race. Shortly before the Games opened it was realized that the Royal Entrance could not be used as the marathon entrance-it was raised to permit easy descent by the royal party from their carriages, and did not open onto the track-so an alternative entrance was chosen, diagonally opposite the Royal Box. A special path was made just outside the Franco British Exhibition ground so that the distance to the stadium remained 26 miles. The finishing line was left unchanged, but in order that the spectators, including Queen Alexandra, could have the best view of the final yards, the direction of running was changed to "right-hand inside" (i.e. clockwise). This meant the distance in the stadium was shortened to 385 yards, and the total distance became 26 miles 385 yards (42.195 km). Source: http://wiki.phantis.com/index.php/Marathon_(event)
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