There are two types of golf shaft- Steel and Graphite. Generally steel is used on irons, wedges and putters, whereas graphite is mainly used for drivers and fairway woods. A new type of shaft has recently evolved it is the bi-matrix shaft which is steel and graphite.
Most golf shops
epoxy
Torgue refers to the twisting that happens to the shaft of a club as it is swung. Not only does the shaft of a golf club flex or bend as it is swung but it twists also. A graphite shaft manufacurer that markets a shaft as having low torque for examle, is saying that the shaft is designed to resist twisting as it is swung. The theory being less torque creates a more stable clubhead at impact.
The companies that make shafts for golf clubs will have a specification listed on the shaft itself such as "Stiff" of "Juniors". We call it "Flex". The flex standard may be the same on a graphite or steel shaft made by one company and nearly the same as made by another company. It is kind of like sizes for cloths. Both graphite and steel shafts come in "Stiff" flex. Companies may use the word "Mens" in place of "Stiff" or "Juniors" in place of a "not so stiff" shaft. Consult with your local Golf Coach or Golf Professional and they can explain more about the flex in a shaft or other things like "kick points" in a shaft.
Metal golf shafts are made of steel.
The lightest driver head in golf is the Vulcan Speedlite V14 driver, weighing in at 185 grams. With the 40 gram grip, and 45 gram shaft, the whole driver weighs 270 grams. The Cleveland XL 270 also weighs 270 grams, but most of it's weight saving is due to it's 39 gram shaft.
Shaft is the handle of the golf club.
Personal preference really. If you are a high or low handicapper say 28- 3 you would hardly be able to tell the difference. Generally, the heavier the shaft, the stiffer it plays. The 60 gram would be whippier, so better suited to a player with a slower swing speed.
I don't know if they make fiberglass golf shafts but fiberglass does not conduct electricity that is why people who work around electricity use fiberglass ladders. Graphite shafts do conduct electricity.
it is a taylor made golf shaft that has a smaller dia at the bottom of the grip .
This is simply a cosmetic problem, it will in no way affect the playing performance of the club. If it annoyed you, you could either paint it or put a piece of tape round it.