Possibly... although the tomb of Kheti some 2500 years BC has pictures of people playing something very similar to Golf.
Similarly the Greeks were playing a golf-like game in the second millennium Before Christ and the Romans also played Paganica, a game that involved hitting small balls with clubs at targets. Very similar to golf.
The Chinese were also playing Chuiwan in the 10th century - a game with clubs and small balls.
So did Scotland invent it or just develop the ideas already involved in ancient games? They are the developers of the game as it is today and, as far as is known, came up with the idea of the hole as the target but 'golf' as an idea was 'invented' long, long ago.
The word golf probably comes from the Ducth "kolf" meaning club and "Kolven" which is the name of a game very similar to modern golf that was played in Holland at least as early as the 13th century.
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The Modern Game is undoubtably from Scotland but it has been called many names thru-out the ages. Following historical documentation, it thought to first been played by the Chinese Imperial Court in 894 AD where a painting is depicted of the Emperor "lining up his shot" with a club like instrument.
It then can be followed to Persia in 1050s-60s, where it was altered and introduced to European Merchants and Travellers. First European game can be accredited to the Netherlands in 1293. The game lacked popularity but was played from Germany and the Low Countries to Normandy and the British Isles until the mid-16th Century when Scottish Noblemen met to create a binnding set of rules to follow.
The word Golf has a hidden meaning. These men, mainly of nobility and educated family's, named it such as to mean Gentlmen Only, Ladies Forbidden. The term gentlemen also referring that it was not for the common-man much like Tennis with the French Nobility. Hope this helped...
The first golf clubs may have been made in The Netherlands, where the word kolf means "club". The early versions of the modern golf club were made in Scotland in the 14th or 15th century.