fitness, patience, a thick skin, willingness to keep up constantly with the rules of the game, to be reassessed and trained, and a general love of the sport.
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It depends upon the game and the level of competition. Professional umpires in the US must be at least 18, but for amateur football and little league Baseball games, any knowledgeable person could serve. However, state laws concerning employment and safety of minors will usually apply.
You don't "need" to have any formal education, per se, but you do need to know the rules of baseball (or softball) in order to be able to call a game. Obviously, the more advanced the games you call (T-ball, Little League, School, College, or pro baseball), the more important it becomes to have formal training. There are umpiring schools, camps, and clinics that you can attend to advance your training.