Bicycle sizing is very personal, and depends on many different dimensions of your body, not just your height.
A reputable bike shop will be able to offer you a fitting service. This can ensure that you get the right size of bike, including changing certain parts of the bike if necessary.
In order to correctly size a bike to you, you need to be fitted.
The bike shop will measure you and use a special "fit kit"
Throwing that all aside and just generalizing, you should be riding about a 13 - 15 inch frame if it's a mountain bike, and a17 to 19 inch frame if you are riding a road bike. Your stem and crank length will vary depending on your body.
You should purchase a 700c inner tube for your 700c bike.
To find the correct size of bike tube for a tire that is 26x150, you should purchase a 26-inch bike tube.
To fit a tire that is 27x1.25, you should purchase a bike tube that is 700x20-25c.
A 5'2 woman should ride a bike with a frame size of around 15-16 inches.
To fit a tire that is 26 x 1.95, you should purchase a bike tube that is 26 x 1.75-2.125 in size.
A 5'2 woman should choose a bike with a frame size of around 15-16 inches for optimal comfort and performance.
A 5'2 woman should typically choose a road bike with a frame size of around 48-50cm for a comfortable and efficient riding experience.
You should purchase a bike tire that measures 700 x 40c.
You can find training wheels for an adult bike at most bike shops or online retailers that sell bike accessories.
Depends on how often you ride the bike. If you ride it weekly then I wouldn't worry about it. But if their are periods of time when the bike is not ridden, it may be a wise purchase.
Typically the size of a chain on an adult bike should be one 16th of an inch or less. It is recommended to replace the chain on your bike if it exceeds one 16th of an inch.
You can purchase bike frames at bike shops, online retailers, and specialty cycling stores.