par is NOT what the average player can do. Par is how many strokes a very skilled golfer should take for each hole.
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Par is how many shots you are allowed to complete a given hole in. There are par 3s, par 4s and par 5s. In very very rare cases there are par 6s. On a par 3 you are allowed 1 shot in regulation to hit the green, and two putts. On a par 4 you are allowed to hit the green in two shots in regulation and two putts. On a par 5 you are allowed 3 shots to hit the green in regulation and two putts. You don't have to do it that way obviously, but that is how the holes are broken down and pars calculated.
For any hole, you have a limited number of shots, assigned hole by hole. If you need as many shots as the fixed ones, you realize a par.
If you need 1 shot less you do birdie, 2 shot less: eagle, 1 shot more: bogey, 2 shot more double bogey, 3 shot more: triple bogey