When running a race on a track, the runners can be either coming out of the blocks (as in the 100-meter dash through the 400-meter dash) or can stand up at the start line (as in all longer distances). That's the standing start.
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Generally used for starting the races of longer distance (800m and up) as opposed to starting with blocks, which is what most sprinters use to get off the ground and get out fast
That is when you just stand at the start line, and then start running when the gun goes off. You don't use blocks.