A chip is usually a short distance shot using any lofted club with a putter stroke- like motion. The ball should not go to high, and have a lot more roll than carry. A pitch however usually uses a high lofted club with about a half swing, the ball is meant to get high in the air, with the hope that it stops quickly.
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A chip is a shot which can be played with virtually any club. An 8 or 9 iron is a good club for this shot. The idea behind a pitch it to get the ball rolling as quickly as possible, so it is ideal if you have some trouble to carry that is just in front of you. You will find the players choose the chip shot to get the ball rolling on the green almost like a putt. A chip would carry about 25% and roll 75% roughly.
A pitch is where the ball is carried most of the way and would stop quickly. You would use a high lofted club, either a 54-60 degree. You carry the ball about 80% and let it roll 20% roughly. You would use this shot if you had to carry a lot of trouble, or if there is trouble between you and the pin.
The other option is a flop shot, this is played with your highest lofted club, usually a 60% with the face wide open. This shot is ideal if there is a tall obstacle between you and the pin, or if you have to carry some trouble and the pin is cut tight to the edge of the green.