It can be. In the purest form of the game it is a single player sport. But there are also high level professional team competitions such as the Ryder Cup and Solheim Cup, aswell as Amateur ones such as The Walker Cup and Curtis Cup. Golf clubs may have teams which are entered into local or nationwide tournaments. You can also have team competitions such as two ball better ball and scrambles, as well as foursomes and greensomes.
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No, that is incorrect. It is said to have come from the Medieval Dutch word "kolf" or "kolve", which meant "club".
Edit: the word golf first appeared in english as gouf in Scotland in 1457, the word golf comes from that. but, as the other person said, that most likely came from kolf or kolve.
Golf is a sport for both men and women, however far more men play golf and the mens' game is more popular.