The short answer is not really.
The "compression factor" (hardness/softness) of a ball helps determine how much surface area of the ball makes contact with the clubface at impact, and also how long the ball stays on the clubface before launching. The contact area is generally more important in the overall game; the more of the ball that "squishes" against the clubface, the more the clubhead can induce backspin. Backspin creates lift to keep the ball in the air, but decreases rolling distance. So, more backspin (and thus a softer ball) is usually good for iron shots, and a double-edged sword for drivers; the ball carries further, rolls less.
The amount of time the ball spends in contact with the clubface also helps determine backspin, but more importantly it determines the total impulse (force applied over time) applied to the ball. The speed and mass of the clubhead, thus its available energy, are constant; what changes is how long the ball is receiving energy from the clubhead. This used to be a big deal; you were supposed to match compression factor to your clubhead speed and driver clubhead mass, in order to get a combination that fully "loaded" the ball without overcompressing it (which would waste the energy, damage the ball, and could cause shots to "balloon" due to too much backspin). However, modern drivers incorporate head designs that flex on contact, and provide a similar "trampoline effect" that you used to want out of the ball itself. These new drivers make compression factor less important; with the same driver, a "high compression" and "low compression" ball may only produce 4-5 yards difference in distance given the exact same swing.
Temperature can also be a factor; as the temperature drops, a ball with a low compression factor behaves like a ball with a higher compression factor does in warmer weather. So, you may use a softer ball in November than you would normally use in July to get the same basic behavior.
You mean dimples? Golf balls have dimples because it maximizes the distance of travel. Dimpled balls travel up to four times farther than smooth-surfaced golf balls.
Nitro
Expensive golf balls are nicer to hit, the feel softer and give more feel when you are putting and pitching. A major difference is they spin more so you can hold the green on approach and pitch shots, so this will improve your game. Cheaper golf balls are usually of poorer quality and feel quite hard when hit, they hardly spin at all and give you know feel at all when pitching and putting.
because the golfer hits them harder and harder then farther and farther.
Cheap golf balls are generally very hard, which means that it is difficult to control where they go. It is never okay to use cheap golf balls and one should just buy the high-end ones.
Real golf balls are technologically designed for distance, spin and playability. They are also a lot more expensive. Mini golf balls are made cheaply from rubber.
Golf balls have grooves so that when they are hit into the air they travel farther than smooth balls. The air runs into the grooves and out the curve.
Cheap ones are hallow
Dimpled golf balls because they fly farther than smooth ones. (I don't even know where to buy smooth ones). :P
It's not so much about playing better golf as gaining greater distance with your shots.
You would design an experiment to test the balls.
A precept is harder than a TaylorMade. But is also depends on if you have TaylorMade Black or Red. Overall, TaylorMade balls will go farther and spin more.