Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the Bolsheviks when the Russian monarchy was overthrown, BUT, the Bolsheviks were not the ones who overthrew the monarchy. That had already been done six months earlier.
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Well , if you mean after Tsar Nicholas the second , then read on :
Tsar nicholas the second was forced to abdicate on 2-3rd march 1917. This was because he was a bad leader. He couldn't look after Russia and so has to abdicate. He and his family were killed the following year in summer. This was to prevent any tsaes returning. Anyways , to the point , after the Tsar went , there was no government to look after Russia. So a temporary government was formed. This government was known as the Provisional Government. It was built up of the Petrograd soviet and the old committee ( the 1905 Duma ).
In 1917 there were two revolutions in Russia. The first one dethroned the Czar Nicolas and a provisional government was established. In October of 1917, the Bolsheviks lead by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the provisional government and established a dictatorship of the proletariat.
It was 1917 when Lenin and the Bolsheviks in a nearly bloodless coup took over the Provisional Government that had been in place since the February 1917 revolution. The Provisional Government was dissolved and Lenin assumed power in Russia. It wasn't until 1920 that his hold on Russia was solidified, because the Russian Civil War soon broke out and lasted until 1920.
Alexander Kerensky was the second leader of the Russian Provisional Government that had been set up after the February Revolution of 1917 forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate the throne. He continued to lead the Provisional Government (PG) until Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrew Kerensky and the PG in the October Revolution later that year.
The Czar's autocratic policies toward the people lead to social unrest because he made polices that did things such as having secret police who watched secondary schools and universities. He made Russian the official language so people who taught in different languages could now only teach in Russian. He also was racist toward the Jews, and he let many Russian people break into many Jewish people homes, their stores, and synagogues.
On July 7, 1917, Alexander Kerensky was named by Prince Georgy Lvov in as his successor to lead the Provisional Government. Kerensky spent several days re-constituting the membership of the Provisional Government and formally set up the new government in the Winter Palace on July 18, 1917.