Michael Phelps has won the most medals in a career with 19 medals; 15 gold medals, 2 silver and 2 bronze. He is from the United States of America and is a swimmer.
Until 31 July 2012, the gymnast Larisa Latynina of the USSR held the record of having the most Olympic medals for 48 years. She had 18 total medals (9 gold, 5 silver, 4 bronze).
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Soviet gymnast Larysa Latynina, with 18 Olympic medals (nine of which are gold) spread across three Games from 1956 to 1964. Source: various, including, http://baltimore.about.com/od/sportsrecreation/a/Phelpsrecords.htm (where the above was quoted from, www.olympic.org/, CNN.com, olympicgamesbeijingchina.com, etc.
Taking all international athletes into consideration, the one with the most Olympic medals overall is a Russian-Ukranian, Larissa Latynina. A former Soviet gymnast, she won more Olympic medals than anyone in history, male or female, in any sport. She won 18 medals; nine gold medals, five silver and four bronze.
That is swimmer Michael Phelps who has won 16 Olympic medals (14 gold, 2 bronze). With regard to U.S. athletes, indeed, Michael Phelps has won the most Olympic medals. However, taking all international athletes into consideration, the one with the most Olympic medals overall is a Russian-Ukranian, Larissa Latynina. A former Soviet gymnast, she won more Olympic medals than anyone in history, male or female, in any sport. She won 18 medals; nine gold medals, five silver and four bronze.
Through the 2008 Games in Beijing, Italy has won the most gold medals in fencing (45) and cycling (32).
Brazil has won their most overall medals in sailing, volleyball (indoor and beach), judo, athletics, and swimming. They have won their most gold medals in sailing, volleyball (indoor and beach), and athletics.
Michael Phelps of the US has the most olympic gold medals (14 total in 2004 and 2008) and the most medals by a male athlete (16 including his 2 bronze medals).