As this site is biased towards the US I take it you mean ice hockey. The gold medal was won by the Soviet Union, the silver by Czechoslovakia and the bronze by Sweden. If however you mean field hockey. In the men's competition the gold was won by Pakistan, the silver by West Germany and the bronze by Great Britain. In thee women's competition the gold was won by Netherlands, the silver by West Germany and the bronze by USA. The nine medals were won by eight different countries, three of which no longer exist. Two have broken up, Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia and one has merged West Germany with East Germany to form the united Germany.
If you're talking about which country has the most wins, the actual record is 8 gold medal wins by Canada who prior to Soviet dominance won 6 of 7 games when the sport was first introduced and then since NHL players started playing in the games have won 2 of the last 3.
Though, before the start of NHL players playing in the games it would be Russia, or actually the Soviet Union which dominated the sport during the USSR years from '56 through '88. During that time the Soviet Union won 7 of 9 gold medals (USA won the other 2) and during the 2 years they didn't win, they won bronze and silver (see: USA, 1980 - "miracle on ice"; it truly was a miracle against that Soviet team.)
If you're talking players, then that also falls to a Soviet hockey player, the unbelievable Vladislav Tretiak who won 4 gold and 1 silver. Probably the best player never to play in the NHL. After the 1984 games and his 4th gold medal he retired at the age of 32.
(though, it should be noted that the Canadian's women Ice Hockey team has dominated the sport ever since it's introduction as a women's olympic sport and have several players with 4 gold medals and 6 medals overall.)
The USA won the 1980 Olympic gold medal by defeating Finland 4-2 in the final game. The most memorable part of the team's journey was the "Miracle on Ice." The American team, made up of collegiate and amateur players, rallied from a deficit to defeat the heavily favored Russians in their semifinal game 4-3.
Canada won both the men's and women's gold medal in ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Games in Salt Lake City.
The Soviet Union
The United States.
Field hockey was introduced at the Summer Olympic Games as a men's competition at the 1908 Games in London with six teams. Ice hockey first became an Olympic sport at the 1920 Summer Olympic Games in Antwerp. Canada won the first gold medal in Olympic ice hockey.
Major Dhyan 'Chand' Singh, widely regarded as the greatest hockey player of all time, was the captain of the Indian National Hockey Team that won the gold medal at 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games.
Australia
The Winnipeg Falcons.
India
India won its last hockey gold medal in 1980 in Moscow Olympic.
Pakistan won gold medals in 1960, 1968 and 1984.
Sweden
Pakistan's first gold medal came at the 1960 Games in Rome in hockey.
1960
The country that won the gold medal in the Women's Ice Hockey competition was Canada.
tia
Per event. For example, if the ice hockey team wins the gold medal all players on the team get a gold medal but the country gets credit for only one gold medal in the final standings.
USA won 2sliver medal