8 October 1917
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Leon Trotsky, being a true Marxist, took on the Menshevik view that a bourgeoisie revolution must replace the Czar. The Bolsheviks disagreed with this. Also, at the time, Trotsky was not in favor of what he saw as a ruthless organization that placed the Bolshevik Party above the workers. He held these views for a long time before changing them.
Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks during the Bolshevik Revolution.
No, the Mensheviks were led mostly by Jules Martov. Trotsky was part of the Menshevik faction and one of its best theoreticians, but he wasn't their leader. Shortly before the October Revolution, Trotsky left the Mensheviks and joined the Bolsheviks.
Leon Trotsky was a large reason why they won the civil war, becaue he was the Commissar of War and the one who organized the Red Army into a coherent military force. He was certainly not the only reason though, since a large part of the Russian populace supported the Bolsheviks and the Red Army against the White forces.
Leon Trotsky was murdered in 1940.