The Mensheviks and Bolsheviks were the main factions in the soviet councils and the main factions involved in the March 1917 overthrow of the czar. The Mensheviks established the Provisional Government which the Bolsheviks wrested power from in the November Revolution.
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The Bolsheviks were a faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. The opposing faction was called the Mensheviks.
During the Russian Revolution in the early 1900's, the Mensheviks (which translated in Russian means the smaller ones or the tinier group). The Mensheviks were the rich elite of Russia and they fought against the Bolsheviks or the larger ones. The Bolsheviks were the serfs and peasants which rose up against the rich elite, similar to the earlier French Revolution. The Bolsheviks made up most of the Russian population and eventually won the civil war raging on in Russia based on their large numbers.
The communist Bolsheviks took over during the November Revolution.
After the revolution, the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party became ineffectual and was subsequently split into two factions. The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, insisted all power and decisions be reserved for the revolutionaries while the Mensheviks, led by Marton wanted an all inclusive party whose members could differ and debate on certain points.
Bolsheviks, who took over in the Russian October Revolution of 1917. a very bad group indeed. Bolsheviks Bolsheviks Bolsheviks Bolsheviks