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The earliest civilization in the world was Sumer which goes as far back as 4,900 BC. The Sumer lived in Mesopotamia in an area of present day Iraq.
The Sumer or Sumerian Civilization (Mesopotamia) is noted as the first "Civilization" to meet all the right qualifications; c. 5300 B.C. It existed in what is today Iraq.
The first ancient civilization was Mesopotamia (Present day Iraq). I know this because this was the first thing I learned in my history book.
The Mesopotamian Plain is located in modern-day Iraq, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It stretches from the Persian Gulf in the south to the northern regions of Iraq. This fertile plain is often referred to as the cradle of civilization, as it is where some of the world's earliest civilizations, such as Sumer, Akkad, and Babylon, emerged.
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers which flow through present day Iraq. The ancient area was called Mesopotamia.