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Sound travels in waves through a medium, such as air or water. When something makes a noise, like a person speaking or a bell ringing, it creates vibrations that move through the medium and reach our ears, allowing us to hear the sound. Sound travels at different speeds depending on the medium it is traveling through, with air being a common medium for sound to travel through.
The determining factor as to the softness or loudness of a sound is the amplitude of the sound wave. We know that sound is mechanical energy, and a source of sound will put mechanical energy into the medium through which it is going to travel. Let's look at the wave. The mechanical wave has a compression phase and a rarefaction phase. In compression, the source compresses the medium to impart energy. In the rarefaction phase, the source will act to decompress the medium. The sound will propagate outward in a series of compression and decompression phases. The difference between a loud and a softer sound is the degree to which a medium is compressed and rarefied during the process by which the sound energy is put into the medium. Fortunately there is a question (and an answer) that goes into this in a bit of detail. It is linked in the Related questions section.
Yes, sound can travel for great distances in this layer because refraction tends to keep sounds waves in the layer.
it can't travel in a vacuum, it needs medium to travel
Medium deep not to deep but it was somewhat deep