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The US and 64 other countries boycotted the 1980 olympic games because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
In the modern Olympics world, two separate political problems resulted in major nation boycotts. For the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, US President Jimmy Carter ordered a US boycott because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The next Summer Olympics were in Los Angeles and The Soviet Union led a group of their followers in a boycott in 1984. This was their response to the US 1980 boycott.
The collapse of detente is frequently attributed to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the Western boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. American presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan significantly increased defense spending, culminating in the abandonment of SALT II negotiations.
There was no "USA" team that year because of the boycott.
Possibly due to ideological differences, but as a protest against the Soviet military involvement in Afghanistan, much like the USA is doing now. Japan and West Germany also boycotted the games. The USSR reciprocated four years later and the entire Soviet Bloc (except Romania) boycotted the Los Angeles games in 1984.