You judge on a lot of things, first of all the position of the rider. It is very important for the horse and rider to have elegance as well. Next, you look for the smoothness of there gait. Is it too fast? Too slow? Also if the rider is told to perform a specific movement and they mess up, they lose points. But the part that you lose most points for if you do incorrectly, is if you're on the right lead. Which means when you are doing posting trot and when you go up the horses outside leg should stretch forward. If his inside leg is stretching forward you are in the incorrect lead and will lose points.
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110cm is the offical length. It may differ depending on the show.
a good dressage score is over 65% 70 % is what i would aim to get
The point of dressage is to test the behaviour of the horse. Many well trained dressage horses will/can get higher points in shows. Dressage is a very, very hard sport. Both horse and rider must coperate with each other. Look up Anky Van Grunsven in Google or Yahoo.
The current use of the word "dressage" is, in England, of comparatively recent date. The word has been taken over verbally from the French, as a term connected with horsemanship. The fact that there just is no exact equivalent whereby to translate "dressage" into English probably goes a long way to explain the misunderstanding, and sometimes event the touch of mystery, whereto the use of this word has given rise. I believe the word dressage is the french word for training. I could be wrong.
The United States has never won a dressage gold medal in the Olympics. In team dressage, the US has won 1 silver (1948) and 6 bronze (1932, 1976, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004). In individual dressage, the US has won 1 bronze (Hiram Tuttle in 1932).