NO he did not
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He was the leader of the Bolshevik Party, which overthrew Czar Nicholas II and his reign of tyranny. Reality checK: The Czar had been deposed in March of 1917. Lenin overthrew that government, not the monarchy of Czar Nicholas.
There was no-one there to rule so Stalin thought it would be an "Amazing" chance to rule.
If one goes by the Julian calendar then in use in Russia, Vladimir Lenin and his Bolsheviks were leading Russia in March 1917. If one goes by the Gregorian calendar then in use by the western world, the Provisional Government under Alexander Kerensky was leading Russia in the beginning of March 1917 then Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks did.
Lenin became Russia's leader because Nicholas II was kicked off the throne by Lenin's followers.
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, more commonly known as the October Revolution, was led by Vladimir Lenin. Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian Provisional Government, which had overthrown Tsar Nicholas II seven months earlier in the February Revolution (1917). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution