The tread of a shoe is used to increase Elasticity
soles of shoes are provided with design to increase friction
your soles of your shoes
Before the invention of rubber, shoe soles were typically made from materials such as leather, wood, or plant fibers like jute or cork.
No shoe polish keeps the tops new looking, the soles and the inside of the shoe will still keep wearing.
Today's hikers prefer a shoe that is six inches high, is made of leather, and thick sturdy composition soles.
by increasing the roughness of the ground or increasing the sole of the shoes
dosole.com
I believe it is the same as on a tire, a Tread.
espadrille
Yes, shoe soles can be recycled, but the process can be complex due to the materials used. Many soles are made from rubber, foam, or plastics, which may require specialized facilities for proper recycling. Some brands and recycling programs specifically accept old shoes and can separate components for repurposing. Additionally, certain innovative companies are developing methods to recycle shoe materials into new products.
that will increase the total surface area of the base of the shoe and thus will increase the friction force and this help a lot ex-specially on rainy day
i think its called a tread