Bruno Contrada was born in 1931.
There are two Palios in Siena each year. In 2009, on July 2nd, the Palio was won by Contrada della Tartuca (turtle); on August 16th, the Palio was won by Contrada della Civetta (owl).
I don't see the relationship with soccer, but anyway... The July 2010 Palio in Siena was won by "Contrada della Selva" (Forest).
The winning "contrada" (neighbourhood) receives the "Palio", a painted silk banner (there's a different one each time, painted by a different artist). The winning jockey usually gets very well paid by the contrada.
"Driving directions to Pizzoferrato CH, Italy 141 km - about 2 hours 16 mins"According to Guseppi Goggli mapa..."San Lorenzo Maggiore BNItaly1. Head east on Via Giovan Battista Biondi toward Corso Umberto I0.2 km2. Turn right at Via Molino0.2 km3. Continue on Contrada Santa Croce0.2 km4. Slight left to stay on Contrada Santa Croce0.7 km5. Turn left67 m6. Turn left0.4 km7. Turn left0.3 km8. Turn left toward Contrada Cupe0.5 km9. Slight left at Contrada Cupe0.2 km10. Turn right to stay on Contrada Cupe0.5 km11. Turn right to stay on Contrada Cupe91 m12. Turn right at Via Maltempo0.4 km13. Turn left toward Contrada Fengia/SP1820.2 km14. Turn right at Contrada Fengia/SP182Continue to follow SP1828.2 km15. Slight right at SP182/Strada Provinciale Ex Strada Statale 87Continue to follow SP1821.0 km16. Turn left at SP182/Via Vittime del Lavoro di BridgeportContinue to follow SP1824.0 km17. Turn right to stay on SP18266 m18. Turn left to stay on SP1820.4 km19. Turn left to merge onto SS8722.0 km20. Continue on SS1731.9 km21. Continue on SS85 (signs for Milano-Napoli/A1/Venafro) 3.3 km22. Take exit Isernia Sud toward Colli a Volturno0.3 km23. Slight right toward Contrada San Lorenzo/SS6270.5 km24. Take the exit 0.2 km25. At the traffic circle, take the 3rd exit onto Contrada San Lorenzo/SS627Continue to follow SS6273.9 km26. Continue on Contrada Fragnete2.6 km27. Slight left at SS6276.6 km28. Continue on SS1584.3 km29. Continue on SS652 (signs for SS17/A14/Bologna-Taranto/Roccaraso/SS1/Pescara) 35.1 km30. Take the ramp to Strada Provinciale Sant'Angelo del Pesco0.1 km31. Slight left at Strada Provinciale Sant'Angelo del Pesco0.3 km32. Turn left at SP226/Strada Provinciale Gamberale-Gamberale Scalo2.0 km33. Slight right to stay on SP226/Strada Provinciale Gamberale-Gamberale ScaloContinue to follow SP2260.8 km34. Turn right at Casale Galeoti/SP22620 m35. Turn right to stay on Casale Galeoti/SP226Continue to follow SP2262.2 km36. Turn right at SP226/Strada Provinciale Gamberale-Gamberale Scalo28 m37. Turn right to stay on SP226/Strada Provinciale Gamberale-Gamberale Scalo0.2 km38. Turn left0.2 km39. Turn right toward SP226/Strada Provinciale Gamberale-Gamberale Scalo0.6 km40. Turn right toward SP226/Strada Provinciale Gamberale-Gamberale Scalo0.3 km41. Sharp left at SP226/Strada Provinciale Gamberale-Gamberale Scalo1.0 km42. Slight right to stay on SP226/Strada Provinciale Gamberale-Gamberale Scalo0.3 km43. Slight right to stay on SP226/Strada Provinciale Gamberale-Gamberale Scalo1.1 km44. Turn right at SP1642.5 km45. Turn left at SP1660.2 km46. Slight left at Via San Rocco/SP1660.2 km47. Turn left to stay on Via San Rocco/SP1668 m48. Turn left at Via Roma/SP1667 m49. Turn right30 m50. Turn right45 m"
Ah, the Palio, a beautiful tradition filled with passion and history. The intensity surrounding the Palio comes from the deep-rooted pride and fierce competition among the different contrade. Each contrada holds a strong sense of identity and honor, making victory in the Palio a highly coveted achievement. Remember, my friend, even in the midst of contention, there is beauty in the shared love for this time-honored event.
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The volcanic eruption hit Catania in the 27th and 28th October of 2002.The eruption also completely destroyed the tourist station Piano Provenzana, on the northeastern flank of the volcano, and part of the tourist station "Etna Sud" around the Rifugio Sapienza on the south flank. An earthquake occurred which was between 3 and 4 on the Richter scale and seriously damaged many villages in the eastern area of Etna. The craters on the southern side had a different story in that they were the site of an intense activity: vigorous columns of volcanic ash rose for kilometers into the atmosphere; often the rapidity of the volcanic ash emitted and overtook the sound that was created by the sound shocks. The ash fall arrived as far as Tripoli causing many problems to the population who lived on the slopes of Etna: the airport was closed for a few weeks, vehicles with two wheels were forbidden to circulate. Also agriculture was harmed by falling ash. Already, the enormous explosion had built a waste lava cone one hundred meters high, at the base of which effusive craters fed the lava flow that went towards the Rif. Sapienza area and others that flowed in a in a south-eastern direction towards Contrada "Carpentieri". Diverse explosive activities that was effusive and not very regular; the emission rate was low and changeable, the lava flow advanced towards valley until the sourced that fed it allowed. When this diminished their flow finished, after which a new increased in the emission rate from the effusive craters gave origin to a new lava flow that stratified over the previous lava giving origin to a lava field with many branches, not very large longwise and quite thick. The lava flow caused grave damage to the tourist structures at the already tormented area around Rifugio Sapienza, caused also the explosion of a water tank that caused 30 people to be injured.
In ancient Rome, games and gladiatorial combat were quite commonplace. According to legend, the twins Romulus and Remus, suckled by a she-wolf, founded Rome. Romulus killed his twin brother, Remus; Remus' two sons, Senus and Aschius, fearing for their lives, fled north from Rome and came to an Etruscan village built on 3 hills which they eventually named after themselves (SENus and Aschius - Sena, the Latin name for Siena). They introduced to Sena Vetus (Siena) a number of so-called ludic games similar to the gladiatorial games of Rome, their natal city. Some of these games, which were actually mock battles, such as the elmora (a type of joust) and the battaglia de' sassi (a battle of hurling rocks at one's opponents) laid the foundations for the palio, a name coming from the Latin "pallium", meaning "cloth", since the prize originally consisted of a piece of valuable cloth awarded to the victorious contrada, one of the seventeen districts into which the city is divided. The name "palio" therefore refers both to the race itself as well as to the prize awarded to the winning district. These districts, or "contrade" as they are called in Italian, were at one time military companies whose main responsibilities consisted of defending the various holdings and territories of the Republic of Siena. Back in the 11th Century there were about 80 such districts. After the horrendous Black Plague of 1348 many of them disappeared or were incorporated into other districts, eventually numbering 42. In 1729 Violanta di Baviera, who ruled Siena at that time, decreed that the number of districts would be fixed at 17, which is what it remains to this day. The first references to an actual palio race, the so-called "palio alla lunga", or "straight-line palio", since it was run in a straight line, go back to the beginning of the 14th Century. In 1555 the Republic of Siena was defeated by Florentine forces with the aid of Spanish mercenaries. The military societies were disbanded but the Florentines allowed the defeated Sienese to retain the symbols and organizations of their societies, which evolved into the present-day contrade. The focus of the city then turned to within, so that the former "straight-line" palio became the "palio alla rotonda", or "palio in the round" which was raced in the Piazza del Campo, Siena's main square. This first "palio in the round" was raced in 1597 and it has continued in basically the same form up to the present day. The Palio is raced every year on July 2 and August 16 and in each race the number of participating districts is 10, with the remaining seven racing the following year. A special drawing called the "estrazione" takes place at least 30 days prior to each palio to determine which of the previous year's 10 districts will be drawn to become the 8th, 9th and 10th participants of the current year.