A torch works using the concept of combustion. There are two main parts of a torch: the top, where the fuel is, and the bottom, the part that is held in the hand or inserted into an artificial torch bearer. When the fuel reaches a high enough temperature, combustion begins. This is when oxygen from the surrounding air starts to combine with the fuel on the torch, releasing energy in the form of light and heat. Many modern torches use a hydrocarbon as fuel, such as lighter fluid, while older, more primitive torches simply use natural sources of carbon, such as wood. Torches also have symbolic meanings, such as hope and enlightenment, but torches also symbolize death if shown pointing downward.
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MIG welding works only with reversed polarity, DC+, + at the torch. The reason is mostly the stability of the arc. Using DC- will result in a very unstable arc with lots of spatter.
John T. Herrera: The Welding Torch Inventor
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