That would be Muhammed Ali. See the Related Links for "List of heavyweight boxing champions" to the bottom for the answer. .......
Muhammad Ali defeats Karl Mildenberger in Frankfurt, Germany on September 10. This bout marks the first color broadcast of a sporting event ever transmitted via satellite. It also marks the first challenger for a world heavyweight championship by a German since Max Schmeling. Though Mildenberger loses in the twelfth round, Ali's popularity in Germany widens.
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Jersey Joe Walcott was the champion during those times, he lost his title to Rocky Marciano in 1956
Between September 1952 and September 1955 Rocky Marciano was champion. There wouldn't be another champion after Marciano's retirement until Floyd Patterson in November 1956.
Rocky Marciano, KO's Jersey Joe Walcott in September of 52', retires, Floyd Patterson KO's Archie Moore in November of 56' and wins vacated title.