Martial arts is the study of warfare and the way of combat. Using a weapon is a martial art. The Marine Corps specifically includes the use of guns and knives in their fighting style.
I believe it is based on nin-jutsu although there are a few hints of tae-kwon-do and karate
That depends entirely on the style and school. My school does not require fighting or sparring.
Wushu, aikido, taekkyon and many of the World's deadliest Martial art moves.
There are many different styles of martial arts all of which have some influence from the region they came from. Taekwondo incorporates the Northern style based Chinese form of martial arts(MA).
There are many different styles of martial arts all of which have some influence from the region they came from. Karate for example incorporates some of the Southern based style of Chinese martial arts(MA).
No, "Gouken" is a character from Street Fighter, not a martial arts.'Doesn't Rock Lee from the anime Naruto fight using Gouken style?'
MMA is mixed martial arts and is a sport. UFC is a organization for the sport. It is not the only one. Think football = mma, NFL = UFC.
No, karate and ninja are unrelated. Karate is a relatively modern martial art style that originated in Okinawa, (and later Japan,) and was based on a mix of indigenous fighting styles and Chinese martial arts. Ninja were the spies and assassins of feudal era Japan. They were taught the local fighting styles of the time, as well as espionage, survival skills, and other techniques necessary.
The martial arts was started when one person hit another person. Unfortunately there is no sexy story or history of how Martial arts was started. additionally Marital arts is generally thought of by most people as being something that came from China/Japan. However any combat style is a martial art. This includes boxing, sword fighting, stick fighting, nunchaku, etc.
MMA stands for mixed martial arts, but this fighting style isn't mixed with anything.
Yes, shotokan is a style of karate developed in Japan based on the Okinawan Shorin ryu karate.